Wild and cultivated comestible plant species in the Gulf of Mexico: phylogenetic patterns and convergence of type of use.

Cross-cultural research on edible plants might include ecological and evolutionary perspectives to understand processes behind species selection and management. With a database of approximately 500 comestible plants of the Province of the Gulf of Mexico in Mesoamerica, phylogenetic analyses are conducted to identify convergence and phylogenetic signal of type of use and significant clustering in the resulting phylogenetic trees. Analyses considered type of management (wild/managed vs. cultivated), type of use (edible, condiment, for wrapping food) and organ utilized. Elevated phylogenetic diversity and signal are expected for wild comestible taxa, indicating that people are using lineages across the angiosperm tree for food, resulting in broadness in diet and use of their regional resources. Main results are: (i) condiment species were identified in groups with an elevated phylogenetic signal; (ii) hot nodes for lineages utilized for wrapping food were found in many monocot groups as well as in epiphytes of cloud forests with leathery leaves; (iii) edible taxa were identified with the highest significant clustering restricted to certain branches in the phylogeny; (iv) wild and cultivated edible plants belong to identical lineages with replacement of species, implying that same plant groups known for their comestible benefits are substituted by species distributed in the Province and (v) wild versus cultivated lineages for condiment are different. Most food species in the Province belong to four families, namely Fabaceae, Cactaceae, Solanaceae and Asparagaceae. Analyses discovered underutilized wild species in identical clades to managed/cultivated taxa that can be studied further to identify cultivation practices. Results suggest that people are utilizing different lineages in the angiosperm tree available locally, for particular uses, like condiment or for wrapping food. Evidence can be used to study further undervalued edible species closely related to the most common food taxa as well as for bioprospection of their nutritional content.

The SARS-CoV-2 first wave impact in the acute inflammatory surgical pathologies.

Anecdotal evidence suggests that community infection control measures during the COVID-19 outbreak have modified the number and natural history of acute surgical inflammatory processes (ASIP-appendicitis, cholecystitis, diverticulitis and perianal abscesses) admissions. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation and treatment ASIP and quantify the effect of COVID-19 infection on the outcomes of ASIP patients. This was a multicentre, comparative study, whereby ASIP cases from 2019, 2020 and 2021 (March 14th to May 2nd) were analyzed. Data regarding patient and disease characteristics as well as outcomes, were collected from sixteen centres in Madrid, and one in Seville (Spain). The number of patients treated for ASIP in 2019 was 822 compared to 521 in 2020 and 835 in 2021. This 1/3rd reduction occurs mainly in patients with mild cases, while the number of severe cases was similar. Surgical standards suffered a step back during the first wave: Lower laparoscopic approach and longer length of stay. We also found a more conservative approach to the patients this year, non-justified by clinical circumstances. Luckily these standards improved again in 2021. The positive COVID-19 status itself did not have a direct impact on mortality. Strikingly, none of the 33 surgically treated COVID positive patients during both years died postoperatively. This is an interesting finding which, if confirmed through future research with a larger sample size of COVID-19 positive patients, can expedite the recovery phase of acute surgical services.

Effectiveness and Efficiency of Corral Traps, Drop Nets and Suspended Traps for Capturing Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa).

Strategic control and eradication programs for wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are being developed to help curtail the expanding populations of this invasive, alien species. Drop nets and corral traps have a long history of capturing a multitude of wildlife species, so we evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of these traps for controlling wild pigs in southern Oklahoma. We also developed and evaluated a suspended metal trap that provided real-time monitoring and deployment to capture animals. Effectiveness of each trap type was estimated as the proportion of pigs removed from the total population, whereas efficiency was calculated based on catch per unit effort (CPUE) (i.e., the number of person hours per pig removal). During 3 years of study (2010-2012), we removed 601 pigs, 296 using drop nets, 60 using corral traps, and 245 using suspended traps. Suspended traps removed 88.1% of the estimated population, whereas drop nets removed 85.7% and corral traps removed 48.5%. CPUE was 0.64 person hours/pig using suspended traps followed by 1.9 person hours/pig for drop nets and 2.3 person hours/pig for corral traps. Drop nets and suspended traps were more effective at removing a large proportion of the population (>85%), mainly through whole sounder removal, but the suspended trap with real-time notifications was the most efficient trap type, requiring fewer person hours to operate.

The gender-affirmative life span approach: A developmental model for clinical work with transgender and gender-diverse children, adolescents, and adults.

The gender-affirmative life span approach (GALA) is an innovative therapeutic framework for promoting the mental health of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) clients of all ages. Based in interdisciplinary philosophical foundations, GALA proposes that TGD clients can be supported in psychotherapy through (a) developing gender literacy, (b) building resiliency, (c) moving beyond the binary, (d) exploring pleasure-oriented sexuality, and (e) making connections to medical interventions. Psychotherapy incorporating these 5 core components is developmentally tailored for children, adolescents, young adults, or older adults. Developing gender literacy is the process of understanding how sex assigned at birth, gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation are distinct but interconnected concepts, as well as learning to identify oppressive practices in TGD people's lives. Building resiliency involves learning how to overcome adversity and effectively cope with challenging situations in life. Resiliency-building also involves having social support networks to share these difficulties and gain support. Gender and sexual binaries pathologize nonconformity and limit the full range of healthy gender and sexual expression. Moving beyond the binary to a spectrum approach allows for the inclusion and affirmation of all gender identities and expressions. Unfortunately, research and practice have largely focused on negative sexual outcomes for TGD people. Thus, age-appropriate psychotherapy aimed at developing sex-positive pleasure and satisfaction is critical. Lastly, gender-competent mental health practitioners need to have knowledge about, and skills to refer for, medical interventions, when appropriate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Hair removal and psychological well-being in transfeminine adults: associations with gender dysphoria and gender euphoria.

PURPOSE: Hair removal procedures, including electrolysis and laser hair removal, are the most commonly pursued gender-affirmative medical interventions by transfeminine people, but previous empirical studies have not examined their relationship to psychological well-being. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants were 281 transfeminine adults in the United States who responded to an online questionnaire. RESULTS: Satisfaction with one's current state of hair removal was negatively correlated with situational body image dysphoria, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and negative affect, and positively correlated with positive affect. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study suggest that hair removal is associated with both decreased distress but also increased subjective well-being (e.g. higher positive affect). Though the construct of 'gender euphoria' has been introduced in previous publications, it has thus far not been rigorously defined or operationalized within health research. These results suggest that gender euphoria can be understood in terms of increased subjective well-being associated with gender affirmation, including gender-affirmative medical interventions. This study demonstrates a significant association between hair removal services and depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, situational body image dysphoria, positive affect, and negative affect in transfeminine adults. These findings cast significant doubt on the assertion that hair removal services for transfeminine people are 'cosmetic.'

Mitochondrial DNA variation of the ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus).

OBJECTIVE: The ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus, is broadly distributed across North America and displays considerable taxonomic diversity. Except for a genetic study of some western populations of ruffed grouse, nothing is known about genetic variation in other regions of Canada and the United States. Our objective is to examine patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in the ruffed grouse across western, central, and eastern parts of its distribution. We compare patterns of mtDNA variation to those characterized by morphology and ecology. Additionally, we evaluate the demographic history of the species based on mitochondrial haplotype diversity. RESULTS: Patterns of mtDNA variation revealed geographic subdivision, with populations of ruffed grouse subdivided into 3 to 4 genetically distinct groups. This subdivision partially coincided with the ranges of described subspecies. Behavioral traits prohibiting long-distance movement and barriers to dispersal in response to physiography and unsuitable habitat help explain these patterns of subdivision. Historically, the ruffed grouse probably experienced a population expansion, possibly in response to changes during the Pleistocene.

Creating gender: A thematic analysis of genderqueer narratives.

Background and Aims: Increasingly, research is emerging on the subjective experience of genderqueer people. This study explored how genderqueer identities are understood and managed in both personal and social domains. Method: Interview data from 25 genderqueer-identified American adolescents and emerging adults, aged 15 to 26 (M = 21.28, SD = 3.20), were pulled from a larger study of 90 transgender and genderqueer participants. The 90-minute semi-structured interviews included questions about gender identity, the developmental pathway of participants, and relationships with others regarding gender. Results: Participants described "genderqueer" as a sufficiently broad category to capture their diverse experiences, and descriptions of genderqueer identities were heterogeneous, directly contradicting binary understandings of gender identity. A thematic analysis of interview transcripts resulted in three themes: intrapsychic experience, descriptions of master narratives about gender identity, and the co-construction of identities. Discussion: Participants described navigating a series of master and alternative narratives, such that all transgender people transgress a cisnormative master narrative, but genderqueer people further transgress normative understandings of a medicalized, binary transgender identity. The experience of co-creating identities was the process by which participants actively navigated constraints of the master narrative experience. Participants described the integral role of language in crafting new narratives to legitimize genderqueer experiences, as well as the subsequent intragroup conflict resulting from conflicting relationships to narratives in the transgender community. This study highlights genderqueer identities as a source of strength and positivity, and the importance of expanding beyond the hegemonic gender binary within research and clinical practice.

Neuroendocrine tumours within a Meckel's diverticulum.

A Meckel's diverticulum is a common anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the majority of patients do not have any symptoms, malignancies can develop inside these diverticula, with neuroendocrine tumours being the most common. Diverticulectomy is the best option for complicated diverticula but prophylactic resection of asymptomatic diverticula in adults remains controversial. We present a case series of three patients with a neuroendocrine tumour found in a Meckel's diverticulum. Given the number of asymptomatic diverticula not resected, it seems likely that incidental neuroendocrine tumours are more prevalent than thought previously. With the minimally invasive techniques now available and the low complication rate for incidental diverticulectomy, we believe that the benefits of resection of this high risk area for cancer outweigh the risks of surgery.

The impact of skin diseases on quality of life: a multicenter study / El impacto de las enfermedades cutáneas en la calidad de vida: un estudio multicéntrico

INTRODUCTION: To date, no formal study has been published regarding how Colombian patients with skin disorders could be affected according to their perception of disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact in quality of life of skin diseases in a Colombian population. METHODS: This multicenter study included patients with skin disease from almost the whole country. Individuals >18 years old; of any gender; with any skin disease and who signed informed consent, were included. We applied the Colombian validated version of the Skindex-29 instrument. RESULTS: A total of 1896 questionnaires had sufficient information for the analyses. No significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics of patients who returned the questionnaire incomplete vs. complete, were found. Participants mean age was 41.5 years. There were no statistical differences in men vs. women regarding the global (p = 0.37), symptoms (p = 0.71) and emotions (p = 0.32) domains, whereas statistical differences were found in the function domain (p = 0.04; Mann-Whitney U test). Psoriasis, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, hair disorders, Hansen's disease, scars, hyperhidrosis and genital human papillomavirus disease scored the highest. Limitations. Skindex-29 score variability as a result of differences in the location of the skin lesions, their inflammatory or non-inflammatory nature, and the start of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Even the most localized or asymptomatic skin lesion in our population leads to a disruption at some level of patient's wellness. This study adds well supported scientific data of the burden of skin diseases worldwide

INTRODUCCIÓN: En Colombia se carece de estudios que hayan evaluado formalmente el impacto de las enfermedades dermatológicas en la calidad de vida de los pacientes que las padecen. OBJETIVO: Determinar el impacto en la calidad de vida de las enfermedades cutáneas en una población colombiana. MÉTODOS: Estudio multicéntrico que incluyó a individuos>18 años de edad; de cualquier sexo, con cualquier trastorno cutáneo y que firmaron el consentimiento informado. Se aplicó la versión validada en Colombia del instrumento Skindex-29. RESULTADOS: Un total de 1.896 cuestionarios se incluyeron en el análisis. No se observaron diferencias significativas en las características sociodemográficas entre los que devolvieron el cuestionario incompleto vs. completo. La edad promedio fue de 41,5 años. No hubo diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres con respecto al puntaje global del instrumento, ni de los dominios sintomático o emocional, mientras que sí las hubo en el dominio funcional. Entre las enfermedades que más afectaron la calidad de vida se incluyen: psoriasis, dermatitis de contacto, dermatitis atópica, urticaria, trastornos capilares, lepra, cicatrices, hiperhidrosis y las verrugas genitales. Limitaciones. Las puntuaciones del Skindex-29 mostraron una gran variabilidad explicable por diferencias en la localización de las lesiones de la piel, su naturaleza inflamatoria/no inflamatoria, y la iniciación o no del tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: Cualquier lesión dermatológica por más localizada o asintomática que sea, condujo a una alteración en algún grado de la calidad de vida dermatológica. Este estudio añade soporte científico a la carga de enfermedad que generan los trastornos cutáneos en el mundo

The impact of skin diseases on quality of life: A multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: To date, no formal study has been published regarding how Colombian patients with skin disorders could be affected according to their perception of disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact in quality of life of skin diseases in a Colombian population. METHODS: This multicenter study included patients with skin disease from almost the whole country. Individuals >18 years old; of any gender; with any skin disease and who signed informed consent, were included. We applied the Colombian validated version of the Skindex-29 instrument. RESULTS: A total of 1896 questionnaires had sufficient information for the analyses. No significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics of patients who returned the questionnaire incomplete vs. complete, were found. Participants mean age was 41.5 years. There were no statistical differences in men vs. women regarding the global (p=0.37), symptoms (p=0.71) and emotions (p=0.32) domains, whereas statistical differences were found in the function domain (p=0.04; Mann-Whitney U test). Psoriasis, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, hair disorders, Hansen's disease, scars, hyperhidrosis and genital human papillomavirus disease scored the highest. LIMITATIONS: Skindex-29 score variability as a result of differences in the location of the skin lesions, their inflammatory or non-inflammatory nature, and the start of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Even the most localized or asymptomatic skin lesion in our population leads to a disruption at some level of patient's wellness. This study adds well supported scientific data of the burden of skin diseases worldwide.

Schwannoma of the biliary tract resembling cholangiocarcinoma: A case report and review.

Schwannomas are benign tumours derived from Schwann cells and are extremely rare in the biliary tract. We present the case of a 62-year-old patient with a common bile duct schwannoma that resembled a cholangiocarcinoma. We also review all 17 previously published cases of schwannoma of the biliary tract and discuss the challenges of preoperative diagnosis.

Pseudorabies Virus and Brucella abortus from an Expanding Wild Pig ( Sus scrofa ) Population in Southern Oklahoma, USA.

Wild pigs ( Sus scrofa ) are causing increasing ecologic and economic damage at a global scale. Because wild pigs can carry ≥65 diseases that affect livestock, their widespread expansion threatens native wildlife and livestock. We screened wild pigs from south-central Oklahoma, US for antibodies against Brucella abortus , pseudorabies virus (PRV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS). These pathogens were chosen because they are part of eradication programs in the US and could have large economic impacts on domestic livestock if transmitted from wild animals. We tested 282 serum samples during spring 2010 (n=149) and 2011 (n=133) and found an overall exposure rate to PRV of 24.1% (n=68); PRV was detected at two of three study sites. Two wild pigs had detectable antibody to B. abortus , and one had detectable antibody to PRRS. On average, 27% of wild pigs within a sounder were positive for PRV antibody, with 44% of the sounders (16/36) having at least one positive individual. These data highlight that wild pigs could carry pathogens that affect domestic livestock. Because the US is free of these pathogens in commercial livestock operations, continued surveillance and vaccination of domestic livestock are needed. Commercial livestock producers at the wildlife-livestock interface may benefit from spatial prioritization of risk zones to facilitate strategic control efforts.

Parathyroid adenoma in third pharyngeal pouch cyst as a rare case of primary hyperparathyroidism.

The primitive thymus and inferior parathyroid derive from the third branchial cleft. During embryonic development, these structures descend, reaching their final localisation. Third branchial cleft anomalies present usually as a fistula, abscess or cyst. However, there are no reports on parathyroid adenomas in the literature other than as a morphological possibility. We describe the case of a 47-year-old man, who had been diagnosed with arterial hypertension and who presented with a cervical mass at the edge of the lower third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. On ultrasonography, the mass had a cystic walled appearance. Laboratory analysis only revealed an intact parathyroid hormone level of 140.5 pg/ml. Sestamibi imaging showed a probable parathyroid adenoma in the anterior mediastinum. During surgery, a tract running from beyond the superior thyroid pedicle to the superior mediastinum was dissected and removed. In the inferior end of the tract, a brown mass was visible. Pathological examination revealed a thymus cyst surrounding a parathyroid adenoma. The primal alteration was the lack of division between the thymus and inferior parathyroid gland, and the prompt prevention of their development. In the case of our patient, a parathyroid adenoma had grown by chance.

Factores de riesgo de carcinoma espinocelular, un estudio del Centro Nacional de Dermatología de Colombia / Risk Factors for Squamous Cell Carcinoma, A Study by the National Dermatology Centre of Colombia

Introducción: El cáncer de piel no melanoma es la neoplasia maligna más común en sujetos de raza blanca. A este grupo pertenece el carcinoma espinocelular, para el cual no se han estudiado en nuestro medio los factores de riesgo. Objetivo: Establecer los factores de riesgo de carcinoma espinocelular en pacientes de un centro nacional de referencia de enfermedad dermatológica en Colombia. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, que incluyó 332 sujetos. Se estudiaron factores sociodemográficos, epidemiológicos y clínicos. La estimación de riesgo empleó la razón de odds, la cual se estimó a través del método de análisis multivariado de regresión logística condicional. Resultados: Se identificaron los siguientes factores de riesgo: antecedente familiar de cáncer de piel (OR: 6,55; IC 95%: 1,4-28,9), vivir en área rural después de los 30 años (OR: 3,13; IC 95%: 1,3-7,2), trabajos al aire libre a lo largo de la vida (OR: 2,98; IC 95%: 1,5-5,7), fumar más de 10 cigarrillos al día (OR: 2,96; IC 95%: 1,3-6,5), conjuntivitis actínica (OR: 2,68; IC 95%: 1,2-5,9), poiquilodermia de Civatte (OR: 3,29; IC 95%: 1,7-6,1), múltiples queratosis actínicas en la cara (OR: 9,23; IC 95%: 4,9-17,1) y múltiples efélides (OR: 3,68; IC 95%: 1,3-10,1). Conclusiones: Se documentaron factores asociados con la historia personal y las características clínicas, que deben orientar al médico en las medidas preventivas y de seguimiento que han de adoptarse. Estos hallazgos pueden contribuir a orientar la política de control de la enfermedad con información local (AU)

Introduction: Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common malignancy in white individuals. The risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma, which belongs to the family of nonmelanoma skin cancers, have not been studied in Colombia. Objective: To determine the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma in patients at a national referral center for skin diseases in Colombia. Material and methods: We conducted a case-control study that evaluated sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical factors among 332 individuals. Risk was calculated as odds ratio (ORs) using the multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis method. Results: The following risk factors were identified: family history of skin cancer (OR, 6.55; 95% CI, 1.4-28.9), living in a rural area after the age of 30 years (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.3-7.2), a lifetime working outdoors (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.5-5.7), smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.3-6.5), actinic conjunctivitis (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.2-5.9), poikiloderma of Civatte (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.7-6.1), numerous facial actinic keratoses (OR, 9.23; 95% CI, 4.9-17.1), and numerous freckles (OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.3-10.1). Conclusions: We have documented clinical characteristics and personal history factors that should guide the physician in making decisions on the preventive and follow-up measures to be adopted for individuals at risk of squamous cell carcinoma. These findings may help guide policy for controlling the disease using local information (AU)